Goal 12 focuses on sustainable consumption and production, emphasizing sustainable consumption and production patterns in terms of convenience and resource utilization. It aims to reduce the use of natural resources, minimize waste production, utilize resources efficiently, and create long-lasting products without harming the environment or impacting society and human health in the long term. These actions promote sustainable and equitable economic growth without damaging the environment or causing long-term harm to society. Sustainable development in this area is crucial as it affects economic, social, and environmental well-being that humans need now and in the future.

Subtarget 12.1

    Implement the 10-year framework of programs on sustainable consumption and production in all countries, with developed countries taking the lead, considering the development and capacity-building needs of developing countries.

Subtarget 12.2

    Achieve sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources by 2573.

Subtarget 12.3

    Cut global food waste in half at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses during production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses, by 2573.

Subtarget 12.4

    Achieve environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle, in accordance with agreed international frameworks, and significantly reduce their release into the air, water, and soil to minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment, by 2563.

Subtarget 12.5

    Substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling, and reuse by 2573.

Subtarget 12.6

    Encourage companies, especially large and transnational companies, to adopt sustainable practices and to integrate sustainability information into their reporting cycle.

Subtarget 12.7

    Promote public procurement practices that are sustainable in accordance with national policies and priorities.

Subtarget 12.8

    Ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature by 2573.

Subtarget 12.A

    Support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological capacity to move towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and production.

Subtarget 12.B

    Develop and implement tools to monitor the impacts of sustainable development for sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products.

Subtarget 12.C

    Rationalize inefficient fossil fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption by removing market distortions, in accordance with national circumstances, including by restructuring taxation and phasing out those harmful subsidies, where they exist, to reflect their environmental impacts.